中考英语词汇的归类复习

时间:2022-04-18 08:18:30 英语词汇 我要投稿
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中考英语词汇的归类复习

  一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关

中考英语词汇的归类复习

  英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们,中考英语词汇归类复习。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。

  1.宾语不同,意义也不同

  英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有:

  go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)

  stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)

  regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)

  forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)

  mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)

  (95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."

  A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done

  (92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"

  A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

  (87高考)They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going

  2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同

  某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时 ,宾补要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)

  3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同

  有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

  (85高考)This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved

  4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组

  只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89高考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen

  5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组

  只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:

  (92高考)I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling

  (87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch

  6.系动词

  系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:

  表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)

  表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold

  可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well

  7.含"被动"意味的动词

  有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:

  My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

  (88高考)That suit_________over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost

  (97高考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____________there behind the door."A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

  8.具有两种形式的易混动词

  P>  中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混,英语词汇《中考英语词汇归类复习》。如:

  hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)

  light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的",作定语)

  drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓"醉的",drunk多作表语,drunke n多作定语)

  sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)

  bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.

  lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying

  (89高考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying

  二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关

  英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。

  1.常用的搭配活跃的名词: 常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),in time(及时、迟早、最终),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它时候,平素),at times(有时候),at all times(一直,经常)

  (93高考)If you keep on,you will succeed_____________.A.in time B.at one time C.on time D.at the same time

  (94高考)Don't all speak at once!___________,please.A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time

  2.常用的搭配活跃的动词: 常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:turn on(打开),turn off(关上),turn up(放大音量等;出现),turn down(放小音量等;拒绝) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反对),turn out(生产),turn away(避开)

  (81高考)Would you mind__________your radio a little? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down

  (92高考)Readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A.get over B.get out of C.get away D.get off

  3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词: 搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:

  ①on与动词的搭配: get on(上车/船等),live on(以…为生),feed on(以…为生),take on(接受;雇用),turn on(打开开关/电器等),look on(旁观),spy on(侦察/窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ),have on(穿戴),dependon(依靠),wait on(侍候),carry on(执行),hold on(坚持),insi st on(坚持),play tr-icks on(戏弄),fix on(注视),impress on(留下印象)

  ②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃烧),on show(展览),on time(准时) ,on strike(罢工),on watch(监视,观察),on sale(出售;大减价),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右边),on the whole(总而言之),on one's own(独自 ),on one's side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/请假)

  ③其它情况:later on(后来),from now/then on(从现在/那时起),on account of(由于,因为)

  (93高考)We offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of

  (91高考)A new school was___________in the village last year. A.held up B.set up C.sent up D.brought up

  三、从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关

  1.动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果, 这类动词常见的有:look for(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听),hear(听到);try(试 图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);advise(劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服,

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