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考研英语阅读基本功：难句过关
上学期间，很多人都经常追着老师们要知识点吧，知识点在教育实践中，是指对某一个知识的泛称。掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键！下面是小编收集整理的考研英语阅读基本功：难句过关，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
第一章 定语从句
1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhaced by the invention of printing.
2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.
3. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness.
4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon.
5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean's surface and last for over 70 minutes.
6. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950's led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar to the lives of women in the East.
7. Tom, the book's protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children.
8. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
9. Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth.
10. Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these systems give rise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid.
11. It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life.
12. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
13. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
14. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
15. While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State's territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State's territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas where other States do enjoy certain general rights.
16. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.
17. The reader who peruses with some attention the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.
18. The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the agendists and the media, seems to be that judicial decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.
19. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
20. The samples should preferably be taken from points in the rig where the flow is turbulent so that the contaminant is kept well mixed in the oil.
21. Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives in personal character and social justice.
22. From the very day of the capitulation, by which Bismark's prisoners had signed the surrender of France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stood on the watch.
23.When I'm having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I rool a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way my mother did.
24. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months?
25.Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.
26. It needs men who can be prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move, to function, to go ahead.
27. Then he would publish the poem, sometimes years before the music that went with it was written.
28. We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure.
29. We can expose our children to the best values we have found.
30. In short, you will act like the sort of person you conceive yourself to be.
31. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.
32. Those most loved are invariably those who have the capacity for believing in others.
33. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents' eyelids in death, and who have experienced the death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the way we live our lives.
34. God, I'm glad I can talk about it with you--probably you're the only outlet that I'll have that won't get tired of my talking about writing.
35. Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the unfolding of a person's potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much.
36. How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand.
37. Her woebegone expression, her hang-dog manner, her over-anxiousness to please, or perhaps her unconscious hostility towards those she anticipated will affront her--all act to drive away those whom she would attract.
38. There is very long list of such perhapses, few of which we are in a position to evaluate with any degree of assurance.
39. If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and family exists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family are relegated to the marketplace of trading places, with individuals maximising their psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationships.
第二章 倒装句
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underpriviledged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's baby boom generation reached its child-bearing years.
3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.
4. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and some astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
5. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.
6. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
7. In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
8. We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
9. Not since Americans crossed the continent in covered wagons have they exercised and dieted as vigorously as they are doing today.
10. Not until these fundamental subjects were sufficiently advanced was it possible to solve the main problems of flight mechanics.
11. Little did we expect that he would fulfil his task so rapidly.
12. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
13. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
14. Not only did white men encroach upon the Indians' hunting grounds, but they rapidly destroyed the Indians' principal means of existence--the buffalo.
15. So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory.
16. To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
17. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires.
18. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, ad population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
19. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.
20. Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines.
21. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
22. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.
23. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births.
24. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.
25. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.
26. The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity.
27. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.
28. Today the main economic activities of the family are in the nature of consumption--however productive may be what some of its members do in society.
29. Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.
30. Especially was this importance impressed on me when I realized how much Hollywood was involved in exporting American life to the world, and how much Broadway with all its thertres meant to the modern drama.
31. Lost in the wuphoria of success is any thought that--in another place, at another time--it may well be naval air power without the support of any land-based air power that carries the day.
32. Underlying much of the desire for change, too, was the feeling of many of the world's newly independent states that they had never had a part in framing traditional doctrine.
33. Not only was man now able to see with measured precision independently of visibility, but he could now see such objects as aircraft at ranges far in excess of those possible even under ideal optical conditions with normal vision.
34. Forgotten is any idea that naval air power is not power unto itself, but part and parcel of naval power--trained, supported, operated, and commanded by people well-versed in the intricacies of war at sea and war from the sea.
35. This I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in time of armed strife.
36. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.
37. Slap-slap-slap-slap... Around and around a submariner goes, the soft-soled shoes beating a rhythm on the hard, shiny floor in a Trident submarine. People on shore might grasp the instant irony of a man jogging to prolong his life around weapons capable of destroying two hundred cities.
38. Friends who are near to me I know well, because through the months and years they reveal themselves to me in all their phases; but of casual friends I have only an in complete impression, an impression gained from a handclasp, spoken words.
39. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant--not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and imaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
40. According to Newton's first law of motion a body is in motion but actually never is there a body which will remain in motion forever because it is impossible to get rid of external influence.
41. Added to that difficulty is the need for the media, for economic and journalistic reasons, to present a controversial perspective, which is not usually as objective as we might wish.
42. Only now that I've struggled to find patience in myself when Matthew insists he help me paint the house or saw down dead trees in the back yard am I able to see that day through my father's eyes.
43. This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering that new kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them.
44. Among the advantages that future biochips, or living computers, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today's semiconductor devices.
45. Into this area of industry came millions of Europeans who made of it what became known as the melting pot, the fusion of people from many nations into Americans.
46. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers whose flights are within the Earth's atmosphere, from hitting their targets.
47. From each of them goes out its own voice, as inaudible as the streams of sound conveyed by electric waves beyond the range of our hearing, and just as the touch of a button on our stereo will fill the room with music, so by opening one of these volumes, one can call into range a voice far distant in time and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart.
48. His students might feel inclined to counter these with the words: The more I learn, the less I know.
49. In the motorized wheelchair, a boyish face dimly illuminated by a glowing computer screen attached to the left armrest is Stephen Willia Hawking, 46, one of the world's greatest theoretical physicists.
50. Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an arttitude common to scientists.
51. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions.
52. He wrote operas, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story but he would invite--or rather summon--a crowd of his friends to his house and read it aloud to them.
53. Not only did he seem incapable of supporting himself, but it never occurred to him that he was under any obligation to do so.
54. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such response, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.
55. Then, down the crowded thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge's most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.
56. A nice example is that dreaded polar ice cap, which some scientists say isn't starting to melt at all but instead will shortly begin to enlarge rapidly, giving birth to a new ice age that soon will cover the entire United States.
57. Were it not for the feather lost in departure, no one would have known that the white bird had ever been.
58. Sir Isaac Newton was one of the pioneers in investigating viscosity, and on his analysis depends the definition of the coefficient.
59. A widely known achievement of radio electronics is an electronic calculating machine that can perform several thousand arithmetical operations in one second.
60. Nearly all our clothes are made from fibres of one sort or another, be they deried from plants, animals, coal or petroleum and all these fibres, when they are carefully examined, are seen to consist of long chain molecules.
考研英语阅读题型
“得阅读者，得天下”相信这句话对考研的童鞋并不陌生，考研英语在考研中处于重要地位，阅读在考研英语中又有着举足轻重的作用。想要战胜考研英语，首先要跨过阅读这个难题。其实英语阅读总结起来，也就那么几个重点题型，如果能够掌握牢固，相信要战胜英语阅读并不是什么难事。
★细节性题型。
阅读考题中，有一种细节性题目，重点集中在细节上。而细节题也有难有易，较容易的可以根据题干或选项的线索回原文定位，然后由相关句得到正确答案；较难的也可以在正确定位的基础上经过一定的推断得出正确的答案。其实这类题的技巧性不大，最主要的是耐心和细心。
★主题性题型。
主题性题型主要考查我们对文章或者段落中心思想的掌握，要做好这一类题的一个重点就是要抓住中心句。中心句通常以判断句的形式出现，全文的中心句常出现在文章第一段句首、第一段句末和全文末等地方，段落的中心句则通常是该段的首句和末句。所以，做这类题目的时候要重点分析这些句子。
★词汇性题型。
词汇性题也是考研英语中常见题目之一。这种问题主要是根据上下文判断大纲词汇表以外某些词汇和短语的意义，主要考查两种情况：一种是熟词僻义或特定语言环境下的具体词义，在这种情况下，常规含义一般都不是正确答案；另一种是超出词汇表的生词含义的推断。无论是哪一种，海天考研认为都只能根据上下文来判断该词的真正含义。
考研英语阅读分析
1、弄懂生词
一篇阅读中，肯定会遇到有生词不认识，老师建议我们在做题的过程中不要去查生词，这样会影响做题速度，相反，我们可以利用猜词技巧来理解单词含义。但是在做完题目认真分析的时候一定要把不认识的单词都查出来，并写在单词本上每天记忆，这样有利于我们扫清常考词汇，通过不断的积累，阅读中的绝大部分单词最后都会变为我们熟悉的词。不认识单词的问题也会被我们最终克服。
2、分析做题方法
在查完生词之后，我们还要去分析题目。不能只看做错的题目，正确的题目就不管了。因为如果单纯的只看错题，我们只会知道这个题目为什么错，以后不可能遇到原题，但是遇到这一类型的题目时，还是不会解答，这只是“治标不治本“的方法。所以，我们要去认真分析这个题的题型，以及做题方法，
该如何去找答案，并明白对的答案为什么是正确的，错误的答案又是从哪个地方设置的干扰。只有把隐藏在明处和暗处的“敌人”都一网打尽，才会“所向无敌”。
3、分析句子结构
考研英语阅读中有很多很长很难的句子，我们要弄清楚每个部分的成分，哪个是主语，哪个是谓语，哪个是宾语。这不仅有助于我们对句子的理解，也有利于后面翻译部分的学习，只有弄清楚了句子成分，知道每个成分该怎么翻译，才能在翻译部分的学习中如鱼得水。
4、翻译阅读
最后，老师希望小伙伴们可以把整篇阅读完整的翻译一遍，然后对照参考译文，看看差距在哪。其实对于翻译，我们只要大致上的含义和参考译文差不多就行，不必在某个地方过于纠结。
老师相信小伙伴们在经过对英语阅读进行仔细分析之后，会对英语阅读理解的更加透彻，也会明白自己的薄弱所在，并有针对性的进行弥补的。做好了基础阶段的学习，老师相信您一定会在后面的学习中“游刃有余”。
★态度性题型。
这类题目平时考察还是比较多的，态度性问题主要考查我们是否了解作者或者文中某人对某事所持的观点或态度。做这一类型题的题目，最好在读文章和题干时，便把其中描述态度的词标记出来，然后在文中找到有典型褒贬含义的词汇，最后再将两部分词进行对比得出答案。
★推断性题型。
这类题主要考查我们根据已知内容推断引申含义的能力。它要求我们根据文章中的关键词、短语、结构等进行推断，或要求我们通过阅读某段或几段内容，推断出一个结论，类似于主题性问题。做这类题时，一定要避免不依据关键词而凭空进行推断。
考研英语阅读误区
误区一：英语阅读=词汇比拼
很多学生将考研失利的原因归结为词汇量不够，把考研英语阅读等同于词汇量的比拼是很多考生的第一大误区。有一些人甚至认为英语学习本身就是背单词、扩充词汇量，只要词汇量大了就是英语好了。还有些考生单纯去背诵不熟悉的词汇，效果也往往不尽如人意。英语教研室万老师表示，考研英语中有明确的考纲，有规定的词汇考查范围。考研英语复习过程中，考生完全不需要毫无目的地记忆大量词汇，只需要将考试大纲中限定的考研词汇研究透彻即可。
考研英语考试虽然涉及的词汇量在五六千左右，但是，广大考生在做题的过程中其实是不需要完全理解文章的每一个单词的，所以，考生只需要掌握大概在4000-5000左右的单词就可以做题了。那么，补充词汇量的过程其实也是有一定的顺序和方法的。考生首先需要掌握的是高频出现的基础词汇。这些词汇是读懂英语长句基本意思的基础。那么，在完成基础阶段词汇的掌握之后，积累词汇可以放到文章当中去进行。也就是说，在阅读文章的同时，把文章当中遇到的生词勾画出来进行整理背诵。在上下文当中记忆词汇远比简单背诵词汇书上孤立的单词来得效果要好，且记忆深刻。
误区二、强作语法分析
在考研英语复习过程中，要知道阅读的目的是为了获取信息，而不是为了学习语法，所以在进行阅读时，要集中精力弄清文章的大意和情节、主题和中心、作者的态度和意图等，而不要强作语法分析。只要不影响阅读，任何语法分析都是不必要的(当然若在阅读中遇有难句，对其作些语法分析以帮助理解，那是另外一回事)。
不少同学们在阅读时往往有这样的习惯，每读到一个重要的词或句型时，他头脑中反应的不是该词或句型所表示的含义方面的信息，而是反应它在语法方面的一些要点。比如当他读到worth这个词时，在他头脑中反应的不是类似于中文的值得之类的信息，而是此词之后要接动名词，而不接不定式之类的语法条款，又比如当他读到rob这个词时，他不是反应出抢劫这样的信息，而是反应出robsbofsth(正),robsb’ssth(误)这样的正误句型。可以想象这样的学生当他读完一篇文章之后，头脑中留下的除了几个支离破碎的词和句型外，恐怕什么也没有。若是这样去训练阅读，那阅读能力的培养将无从谈起了。误区三：阅读文章时逐字逐句，不良阅读习惯
不少学生在阅读时不仅口中念念有词，而且手指指着阅读材料左右移动，同时头也不停地左右摆动。要知道阅读主要是脑力劳动的过程，任何身体部位的移动都无助于阅读速度的提高，相反还会降低阅读速度。所以同学们在平时就要养成良好的阅读习惯。为了提高阅读速度，同学们还应学会按句子读，甚至按意群读，并慢慢培养一目一行、一目数行、而最终能一目十行的阅读能力。
考场上分秒必争，英语阅读应该都固定好时间，每篇文章不要超过7分钟，因为一篇四五百字的文章考的问题往往只有5个，阅读主要考察的是考生们两方面的能力，一个是把握文章主旨大意，另一方面是把握文章的某些细节。考纲中说阅读理解测试考生好几方面的能力，其实都可以归到这两类里，它不过写到更具体一些而已，比如根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申，这些推理引申不是没有根据的，其根据也只能根据两点，要么文章主旨，要么文章某个细节。
因此根据阅读考察的特点，我们在读文章时不是应该每个细节都不放过的去读，而在浏览完考题之后，一定要细读文章，对题目涉及到的段落、句子做简单标记，接着要仔细分析每个题目在文中的映射，再做出选择。最后，可以结合文章中心上下检查一遍，一个完整的解题顺序就完成了。
误区四：技巧为上，有技巧就有高分
有一些基础不是太好的考生往往很容易走进这样的一个误区，他们崇尚阅读的技巧，认为只要掌握了某些所谓核心技巧就能够在看不懂文章的情况之下取得高分。如果考生一味追求考试技巧，忽视了英文基本能力的培养，则再次犯了本末倒置的错误。
英语教研室万老师认为，考生应当把备考过程变成是应试能力和阅读能力同步提高的过程。基础的审题，划关键词，寻找同义词，确定答案等等解题步骤固然是需要掌握的，但是这些技巧恰恰是需要考生有很好的阅读能力才能发挥更大的功效的。没有一定的阅读能力的考生在考试的过程中没有办法快速的确定文章大意、分清主次信息、了解文章脉络。
所以万老师建议考生在熟悉考试题型掌握考试技巧的同时，也要提高自身的阅读能力。另外，在理解句子的过程中，难免会遇见一些生词。这个时候，阅读能力强的同学可能通过上下文的含义去推测词义，或者通过前后缀这样的构词法内容去进行推测，以便更好的理解文章的意思。而只有技巧没有实际阅读能力的学生即使侥幸定位到了相关内容恐怕也会因为不能理解正确的含义而造成题目最终的判断失误。
最后，英语教研室万老师提示大家：英语作为一门语言是一个厚积薄发的过程，所以考生要坚持多读多用。复习过程中无论效果理想与否，都应坚持每天安排一定的时间进行适应性训练和模拟，使自己保持良好的语言感觉和做题的敏锐思维。
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