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专四(TEM-4)阅读理解练习题及答案
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篇一：
What comes to mind when you hear the word--diversity? Issues of race or gender mayspring to mind.Equal rights? Or minority issues?
I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word.1 would tend to saydiversity is “differentness” in any form.A good example of this kind of diversity has beenexperienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved intouncharted territory.Issues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background andcontext，but also by your religion，age，field of work，family situation， personality，andcountless other factors that make us unique.Diversity affects everyone.
It’s for this reason that diversity has become such a buzz word.The buzz happens becauseit’s all about how you handle it.It’s very much like the job a composer has when creating a greatmusical composition.If the composer understands what each unique note and dynamic mark iscapable of in combination with the other parts，the result achieved is extraordinary.If,however，none of the parts is communicating with the others，we’re left with a cacophony(刺耳的声音).
On a personal level.it’s this understanding and acceptance of “the other” which rests at thecore of diversity.Whether we’re talking about navigating through a multicultural urbanenvironment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context，it is necessary to set asiderigid assumptions about “the other” and put oneself in the other’s shoes. So how do we make thisleap? It’s often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see isnecessarily what the other side sees.
Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate this principle. I firstpresent the magic and accomplish the "impossible". The participants receive the same props butsimply can’t manage. We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the assumptionsthey made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat; a feat they suddenly areempowered to do which, moments ago, was impossible.
The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for people’sdifferences and understand that such an environment is beneficial to everyone involved.
Diversity awareness is an evolution. We can’t get there by snapping our fingers, and it isn’t amatter of training people to have textbook politically correct attitudes. Instead it’s a case oflooking at the big picture of how we see the world, understanding why we see it that way, andthen making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it.
1. According to the author, diversity is
A. confusing.
B. extraordinary.
C. quite common.
D. universal.
2. "It" in Paragraph Three refers to
A. diversity.
B. the buzz.
C. how to handle diversity.
D. the formation of diversity.
3. The author believes that
A. to handle diversity one should put himself in others’ shoes.
B. when you are in a foreign environment, do as the Romans do.
C. diversity can hardly be defined.
D. diversity derives from cultural difference.
4. The example of a magic lesson is to show
A. everyone can do magic.
B. magic is nothing but a feat.
C. what blocks people from handling diversity.
D. it is possible to achieve anything.
5. How to raise diversity awareness according to the author?
A. By living in an unfamiliar environment.
B. By having politically correct attitudes.
C. By being sensitive to everything one experiences.
D. By understanding people’s differences.
答案与解析
【文章概要】
本文围绕“差异性”这一名词展开论述。第1段以一个问句开头由“差异性”一词你会想到什么，引发读者的思考;第2段对“差异性”进行定义，指出了差异的广泛性与普遍性;第3段以作曲家的创作形象说明差异是如何产生的：第4-5段阐明解决“差异性”的核心并以魔术表演为例对这一核心进行说明;最后两段讲到了感受差异
【答案解析】
1.[D]细节判断题。第2段有对该词的定义，从any form，every person，not only…but als0等这些词可推断“差异性”具有普遍性，故选D。C为强干扰项，common偏指普通的，常见的，注意这里更强调的是“差异性”的普遍性。
2.[C]代词指代题。考查It所指代的对象。查找到It所在的句子，前句指出“差异性之所以时髦是因为它取决于你如何对待它”，然后就指出“这就好 像作曲家在创作一首伟大的乐曲一样”，故It在此指代的就是如何对待差异性的问题，故选C。D有一定的干扰性，但差异性的形成并没有在It前面提到，故排除。
3.[A]观点态度题。由第4段倒数第3句可知A正确，该段还提到搬迁到一个陌生的社会环境必须抛弃对他人的固执想法，B与原文表述不符;第2段首句就有对”差异性“的定义。故C错误;第2段提到“差异性问题不仅体现于你的文化背景，还体现于……”，D表述过于片面，故排除。
4.[C]例证细节题。根据magic lesson定位到第5段。该例子表明观众从“不会”到“会”魔术这门技艺，说明是他们原先的臆想阻碍了他们对这种技艺的掌握，进而说明是什么阻碍了人们正确对待文化差异，故选C。A“每个人都能玩魔术”和B“魔术只不过是一门技艺”不是例证要说明的问题，故排除。
5.[D]细节判断题。 根据diversi awareness定位到最后一段。该段最后一句表明，差异性意识的提升就应从我们如何观察世界这个大问题着眼，理解我们为什么那样看待差异，并切实保证我们能真正重视事物的差异，故选D。由该段第2句可知B错误;到了不熟悉的环境中，会碰到“差异性”的问题，但它不是提升差异意识的途径，故A错。C文中没有提到。
篇二：
I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in AtlanticCity and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness ofsunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strangethings to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do ifI hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it sodeeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that theloss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.
Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person isable to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. Theadjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and myteachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and theymade me want to fight it out with blindness.
The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't beenable to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the restof my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidencethat helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something biggerthan that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewherein the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.
It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the mostelementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and Iwas hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." Thewords stuck in my head. "Roll it around! "By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gaveme an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia'sOverbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it groundball.
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at atime. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start waswildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimesanyway but on the average I made progress.
1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that
A. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.
B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.
C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.
D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.
2. What's the most difficult thing for the author?
A. How to adjust himself to reality.
B. Building up assurance that he can find his place in life.
C. Learning to manage his life alone.
D. To find a special work that suits the author.
3. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means thatthe author
A. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life.
B. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chair.
C. would lose his will to struggle against difficulties.
D. would sit in a chair and stay at home.
4. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man
A. hurt the author's feeling.
B. gave the author a deep impression.
C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.
D. inspired the author.
5. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?
A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.
B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.
C. The bitterness of failure prevented the author from trying something out of reach. D.Because of his limitations, the author tried to reach one goal at a time.
答案与解析
【文章概要】
本文讲述一位盲人因一次意外事故失明后如何克服困难，重新定位自己，取得人生价值的故事。第1段叙述作者因一次意外事故失明，但失明没有使他丧失对生活的信心，反而让他更懂得珍惜他所拥有的东西;第2—4段讲述他如何走出阴影，最终找到了自己的位置，并发明了滚球 (ground ball);最后一段总结他的成功经验，即在生活中不断给自己设立目标并为之而奋斗。
【答案解析】
1.[C]细节判断题。第l段最后一句指出“所失去的让我更懂得珍惜现在拥有的”，故选C。作者失明是因为他从一辆货车(box car)A摔下来，而不是因为汽车事故，故排除A;B的推断没有原文依据;文中提到他渴望重见光明。D的表述与原文有出入。
2.[B]细节判断题。the most difficult thin9是The hardest lesson的同义改写，故可定位到第3段。该段首句指出最困难的事情是“相信自己”，But所在的句子做了更具体的解释即“对自己的一种坚信，我还是 我，尽管不是完美的……坚信自己可以找到一个适合自己的位置”，故选B。A太笼统;由第2段可知他的生活并不是孤单的，他还有父母、老师等的支持，故C错 误;D文中没有提到。
3.[C]句意理解题。本题可用排除法。第3段第3句提到，“如果我不坚信自己，我会崩溃，变成一个坐在轮椅里的废人了，在门廊前度此余生”，由此可知C正确。
4.[D]细节判断题。根据baseball定位到倒数第2段。从该段最后两句可知棒球和那个男人的鼓励给作者以启示和鼓舞.从而发明了一种叫“滚球”的运动，故选D。该段提到作者以为那个男人是在嘲讽他，但后来在他的激励下有所启发，故A错误;B“给作者留下了深刻印象”在文中没有提及;C中的directly错误，男人的话只是给了作者启发。
5.[B]细节判断题。最后一段第2、3句表明我们要意识到自己的局限性，在开始时尝试那些遥不可及的东西只会徒劳无益，故B正确;由该段第1句和最后一句可知作者为自己不断设立目标并实现了大部分的目标，故A错误：最后一句的anyway but可知C错误;文中并没有指出他每次尝试一个目标是因为他自己的局限，故D属干随意捏造。
篇三：
I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respected, confess atonce that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have acharacter, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes forinspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the joumey has begun; one, to mycertain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing inthe Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a "skeleton", as we were taught at school.In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes todiscern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began.
This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of anindescribable fascination. A blurred image appears, he adds a brushstroke and another, and it isgone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the’ yeastwithin a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but theirown books, like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outlineof the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books,winkling out hidden meanings, superimposing new ones, begging response from those aroundthem.
Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or alove affair. He is also. Incidentally, an unforgivable bore. This temptation to cover the distancebetween himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him,can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.
A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talentgoes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, likeany other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, nojudgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out ofthe anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamedof, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search forwhat his world contains at its inmost point.
1. The writers that the author is familiar with confess that they would
A. work out the ending of a novel in advance.
B. follow the writing methods learned at school.
C. remodel the main character in writing.
D. make changes to the stories they first construct.
2. According to the passage, the process of writing
A. depends on skillful planning.
B. is predictable and methodological.
C. depends on the writers’ experiences.
D. is disorderly and unsystematic.
3. The word "undoing" in the third paragraph probably suggests
A. success.
B. happiness.
C. failure.
D. sorrow.
4. According to the passage, the writer has no resting place because
A. he is not clear about what he will write at the beginning.
B. he should constantly edit his work to make it perfect.
C. he has to face a lot of responses given by readers.
D. he should add brushstrokes to the appearing blurred images.
5. Which of the following statements about writers is TRUE according to the last paragraph?
A. They have little ideas before they start writing.
B. Their talent goes into all their drafts.
C. It does harm to their writing when they flirt with fame.
D. They try to increase communication with readers.
答案与解析
【文章概要】
第l段指出作家在写作前后，作品的内容往往可能发生极大的变化。第2段承接上文指出这一有机写作过程，往往能引领作者到达自我发现的境界：并指出作家在写作完成后的种种表现。第3段指出作家如果企图通过他人的评论了解自己塑造的形象，就相当于为取悦他人而写作。第4段指出作家需不断创作和修改作品的真正原因及作家追逐名利的危害。
【答案解析】
1.[D]细节判断题。根据familiar with，confess及各选项内容定位到第1段。第1段指出，这些作家在写作前后，作品的内容往往可能发生极大的变化，其中作者提到，有一位作家就将小说的背景从克什米尔搬到了苏格兰高地。由此可见，D的表述符合文意，为本题答案。文中指出，这些作家动笔之前不会有整篇的构思，也不会按学校所教的那样列出提纲，A、B可排除。文中只说作者开始写作时可能心中已经设定了一两个角色，并没有提到会否重新塑造或改变作品的主要角色，故C应排除。
2.[D]细节推断题。第1段明确指出，作者熟悉的那些作家在写作过程中没有既定的思路，情节设置也往往根据需要或更深了解素材后才做出相应的变化和调整，这就表明，写作过程有点“混乱”，构思也不很系统化;此外，第2段提到。如果作家脑海中出现了朦胧的形象，他们会在此基础上做任意的改动。由此可见，D正确。根据文中介绍，写作过程并没有完整的构思，也无法预见，只是在写作过程中不断完善，可很快将A、B排除。此外。作家在写作的过程中会更多地了解所搜集的素材，这也与经历无关，故C也排除。
3.[C]词义推断题。第3段指出作家如果试图拉近自己与读者的距离，企图通过他人的评论了解自己塑造的形象，就相当于为取悦他人而写作。四个选项中，较能概括这种行为性质的是C。此外，undoing有“毁灭”之义，故C为本题答案。
4.[B]因果关系题。根据题干中的no resting place定位到第4段。第4段段首提到：作家的才华体现在初稿，而艺术则体现在之后不断修改的稿子中。第2句以For this reason(鉴于此)引出作家不能休息的情形。由此可见，第4段首句的内容，即作家需不断创作和修改作品：以实现由才华到艺术的转变是作家无法休息的真正原因。故8为答案，A、C、D不合文意。
5.[C]细节判断题。末段末旬指出：“当他追逐名利时，他就脱离了自我生活，脱离了对自己内心最深处世界的探索”，故C符合文意，为本题答案。选项A、D均来自文中，但与末段无关，可排除。B与原文表述“作家的才华体现在初稿，而艺术则体现在之后不断修改的稿子中”不符，可排除。
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